Hey Phillip, the short answer is yes.
Although success in NCAA events is a pretty common way to qualify for the Olympics, it's not a required step. If you're past the age for college and/or just decide not to go to college, you can get a coach, get good enough, and compete in events hosted by the governing body of T&F, USATF.
If you do well enough in USATF events, you'll be able to qualify for Olympic trials, and eventually make the dream come true.
For a list of USATF events and how to register as a member, check out their site here:
http://www.usatf.org/Home.aspxgood luck man!
Chris